MATLAB EXPERIMENTS - SOLUTION OF DE USING LAPLACE TRANSFORMS AND MATRIX METHOD

 












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ZEOLITE OR PERMUTIT PROCESS

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  Zeolites are naturally occuring hydrated sodium alumino silicate minerals.  Na2O. Al2O3. xSiO2. yH2O where x = 2 to 10 and   y = 2 to 6. Natural zeolites are nonporous. The synthetic form of zeolite is known as permutit. Synthetic zeolite is represented by Na2Ze. Synthetic zeolites are porous and have a jelly structure. They are prepared by heating together china clay, feldspar and soda ash. These zeolites have higher exchange capacity per unit weight than natural zeolites. In this synthetic zeolite process, the hard water is allowed to percolate through sodium zeolite. The sodium ions which are loosely held in Na2Ze are replaced by Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions present in the water. Process: In   this process , the hard water is passed through a bed of sodium zeolite (Na2Ze). The hardness-causing ions (Ca2+, Mg2+) in hard water is replaced by loosely held sodium ions in zeolite bed. The outgoing soft water contains only sodium ions. Na2Ze + Ca(HCO3)2  --> CaZe +...
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ZEOLITES: LIMITATIONS, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

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  ZEOLITES: Zeolites are naturally occuring hydrated sodium alumino silicate minerals. LIMITATIONS of Zeolite Process: If the supplied water is turbid, the suspended matter must be removed first by coagulation, filtration, etc. Otherwise, the turbidity will clog the pores of zeolite bed making it inactive. If the water contains coloured ions (Mn2+, Fe2+), these ions should be removed first because these ions produce manganese and iron zeolite, which cannot be regenerated. If any mineral acid present in the water, it will destroy the zeolite bed, therefore it is neutralised first with soda (Na2CO3). ADVANTAGES of Zeolite Process: Water quality of below 5 ppm hardness is obtained. This equipment is compact and occupies small space. It requires less time for softening.  It requires less skill for maintenance and operation. No sludge is formed during this process. Its operation is also easy. DISADVANTAGES of Zeolite Process: This process cannot be used for turbid and acidic water ...
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EARTHQUAKES

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  Forces inside the earth’s mantle and near its surface push, stress, and deform rocks. At some point the stress can cause the rocks to suddenly shift or break and produce a transform fault, or fracture in the earth’s crust. When a fault forms, or when there is abrupt movement on an existing fault, energy that has accumulated over time is released in the form of vibrations, called seismic waves , which move in all directions through the surrounding rock. This internal geological process is called an earthquake .  Most earthquakes occur at the boundaries of tectonic plates , when colliding plates create tremendous pressures in the earth’s crust or when plates slide past one another at transform faults. The place where an earthquake begins, often far below the earth’s surface is called the focus . The earthquake’s epicenter is located on the earth’s surface directly above the focus. The energy of the earth’s tremendous internal stress is released in the form of seismic (shock) ...
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